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85At[210]
Reactive Nonmetalssolid at STPP-block

Astatine

Group: 17Period: 6Standard Atomic Weight: [210] u

Why is Astatine in this position?

Understanding the scientific rationale behind Astatine's position in the periodic table:

Group Assignment
Group 17

Belongs to Group 17 (Halogens) because it possesses 7 valence electrons (6s² 6p⁵).

Period Assignment
Period 6

Belongs to Period 6 because its outermost electrons occupy n=6.

Orbital Block
P-block

Belongs to the p-block because its differentiating electron occupies a 6p orbital.

Chemical Category
Reactive Nonmetals

Classified as a halogen nonmetal/metalloid, though relativistic effects give it semi-metallic characteristics.

Atomic Structure & Bohr Shell Model

Shell Distribution: [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7]

Bohr Atomic Shell Model(2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7)

Hover or tap any shell orbit ring to inspect electron counts and 2n² capacities.

85 Protons (p⁺)125 Neutrons (n⁰)
KShell K: Electron 1 of 2Shell K: Electron 2 of 2LShell L: Electron 1 of 8Shell L: Electron 2 of 8Shell L: Electron 3 of 8Shell L: Electron 4 of 8Shell L: Electron 5 of 8Shell L: Electron 6 of 8Shell L: Electron 7 of 8Shell L: Electron 8 of 8MShell M: Electron 1 of 18Shell M: Electron 2 of 18Shell M: Electron 3 of 18Shell M: Electron 4 of 18Shell M: Electron 5 of 18Shell M: Electron 6 of 18Shell M: Electron 7 of 18Shell M: Electron 8 of 18Shell M: Electron 9 of 18Shell M: Electron 10 of 18Shell M: Electron 11 of 18Shell M: Electron 12 of 18Shell M: Electron 13 of 18Shell M: Electron 14 of 18Shell M: Electron 15 of 18Shell M: Electron 16 of 18Shell M: Electron 17 of 18Shell M: Electron 18 of 18NShell N: Electron 1 of 32Shell N: Electron 2 of 32Shell N: Electron 3 of 32Shell N: Electron 4 of 32Shell N: Electron 5 of 32Shell N: Electron 6 of 32Shell N: Electron 7 of 32Shell N: Electron 8 of 32Shell N: Electron 9 of 32Shell N: Electron 10 of 32Shell N: Electron 11 of 32Shell N: Electron 12 of 32Shell N: Electron 13 of 32Shell N: Electron 14 of 32Shell N: Electron 15 of 32Shell N: Electron 16 of 32Shell N: Electron 17 of 32Shell N: Electron 18 of 32Shell N: Electron 19 of 32Shell N: Electron 20 of 32Shell N: Electron 21 of 32Shell N: Electron 22 of 32Shell N: Electron 23 of 32Shell N: Electron 24 of 32Shell N: Electron 25 of 32Shell N: Electron 26 of 32Shell N: Electron 27 of 32Shell N: Electron 28 of 32Shell N: Electron 29 of 32Shell N: Electron 30 of 32Shell N: Electron 31 of 32Shell N: Electron 32 of 32OShell O: Electron 1 of 18Shell O: Electron 2 of 18Shell O: Electron 3 of 18Shell O: Electron 4 of 18Shell O: Electron 5 of 18Shell O: Electron 6 of 18Shell O: Electron 7 of 18Shell O: Electron 8 of 18Shell O: Electron 9 of 18Shell O: Electron 10 of 18Shell O: Electron 11 of 18Shell O: Electron 12 of 18Shell O: Electron 13 of 18Shell O: Electron 14 of 18Shell O: Electron 15 of 18Shell O: Electron 16 of 18Shell O: Electron 17 of 18Shell O: Electron 18 of 18PShell P: Electron 1 of 7Shell P: Electron 2 of 7Shell P: Electron 3 of 7Shell P: Electron 4 of 7Shell P: Electron 5 of 7Shell P: Electron 6 of 7Shell P: Electron 7 of 7AtZ = 85

Educational Note: This Niels Bohr planetary model visually illustrates principal quantum energy shells ($n=1, 2, 3\dots$) and electron counts. In modern quantum mechanics (Schrödinger model), electrons do not orbit in fixed circular planetary tracks, but exist as 3D probability clouds (orbitals: $s, p, d, f$) governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Electron Shell Filling Breakdown

Shell K (n=1):2 / 2 electrons (100%)
Shell L (n=2):8 / 8 electrons (100%)
Shell M (n=3):18 / 18 electrons (100%)
Shell N (n=4):32 / 32 electrons (100%)
Shell O (n=5):18 / 50 electrons (36%)
Shell P (n=6):7 / 72 electrons (10%)
Aufbau Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵

Neutral ground state configuration. Valence electrons: 7.

Atomic & Quantum Properties

Electronegativity (Pauling)2.2 Pauling
1st Ionization Energy899 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity-270.1 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius (empirical)127 pm
Common Oxidation States-1, +1, +3, +5
Crystal StructureUnknown

Physical & Thermal Properties

Density at STP6.35 g/cm³
Melting Point302 °C (575 K)
Boiling Point337 °C (610 K)
Magnetic OrderingDiamagnetic
Discovery Year1940
Discovered ByDale R. Corson, Kenneth Ross MacKenzie & Emilio Segrè

Real-World Uses, Occurrence & Compounds

Major Industrial & Everyday Uses
  • Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) for micro-metastatic cancers (Astatine-211 bound to monoclonal antibodies)
  • Nuclear physics radiochemistry research
Occurrence in Nature

Extremely fleeting decay intermediate in the decay chains of uranium and thorium; produced artificially in cyclotrons by bombarding Bismuth-209 with alpha particles.

Etymology & Name Origin

From Greek 'astatos' meaning unstable

Important Chemical Compounds
AtI (Astatine monoiodide)
HAt (Hydrogen astatide)
NaAt (Sodium astatide)
Interesting Chemical Facts
  • At any given instant, there is estimated to be less than 28 grams (about one ounce) of astatine present in the entire Earth's crust combined.
  • Astatine-211 has an ideal 7.2-hour half-life for cancer therapy: its alpha particle travels only a few cell diameters, vaporizing cancer cells without damaging adjacent healthy organs.
  • A macroscopic sample of pure astatine has never been viewed with the human eye because its intense radioactive decay heat would instantly vaporize it into gas.
Safety & Handling Note

Extremely radioactive; behaves like iodine by concentrating in the thyroid gland if ingested.