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113Nh[286]
Superheavy / Unknownsolid at STPP-block

Nihonium

Group: 13Period: 7Standard Atomic Weight: [286] u

Why is Nihonium in this position?

Understanding the scientific rationale behind Nihonium's position in the periodic table:

Group Assignment
Group 13

Belongs to Group 13 (Boron group) as the 7p homologue of Thallium (7s² 7p¹).

Period Assignment
Period 7

Belongs to Period 7 because its outermost electrons occupy n=7.

Orbital Block
P-block

Belongs to the p-block as the first 7p element.

Chemical Category
Superheavy / Unknown

Classified as a superheavy post-transition metal.

Atomic Structure & Bohr Shell Model

Shell Distribution: [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3]

Bohr Atomic Shell Model(2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3)

Hover or tap any shell orbit ring to inspect electron counts and 2n² capacities.

113 Protons (p⁺)173 Neutrons (n⁰)
KShell K: Electron 1 of 2Shell K: Electron 2 of 2LShell L: Electron 1 of 8Shell L: Electron 2 of 8Shell L: Electron 3 of 8Shell L: Electron 4 of 8Shell L: Electron 5 of 8Shell L: Electron 6 of 8Shell L: Electron 7 of 8Shell L: Electron 8 of 8MShell M: Electron 1 of 18Shell M: Electron 2 of 18Shell M: Electron 3 of 18Shell M: Electron 4 of 18Shell M: Electron 5 of 18Shell M: Electron 6 of 18Shell M: Electron 7 of 18Shell M: Electron 8 of 18Shell M: Electron 9 of 18Shell M: Electron 10 of 18Shell M: Electron 11 of 18Shell M: Electron 12 of 18Shell M: Electron 13 of 18Shell M: Electron 14 of 18Shell M: Electron 15 of 18Shell M: Electron 16 of 18Shell M: Electron 17 of 18Shell M: Electron 18 of 18NShell N: Electron 1 of 32Shell N: Electron 2 of 32Shell N: Electron 3 of 32Shell N: Electron 4 of 32Shell N: Electron 5 of 32Shell N: Electron 6 of 32Shell N: Electron 7 of 32Shell N: Electron 8 of 32Shell N: Electron 9 of 32Shell N: Electron 10 of 32Shell N: Electron 11 of 32Shell N: Electron 12 of 32Shell N: Electron 13 of 32Shell N: Electron 14 of 32Shell N: Electron 15 of 32Shell N: Electron 16 of 32Shell N: Electron 17 of 32Shell N: Electron 18 of 32Shell N: Electron 19 of 32Shell N: Electron 20 of 32Shell N: Electron 21 of 32Shell N: Electron 22 of 32Shell N: Electron 23 of 32Shell N: Electron 24 of 32Shell N: Electron 25 of 32Shell N: Electron 26 of 32Shell N: Electron 27 of 32Shell N: Electron 28 of 32Shell N: Electron 29 of 32Shell N: Electron 30 of 32Shell N: Electron 31 of 32Shell N: Electron 32 of 32OShell O: Electron 1 of 32Shell O: Electron 2 of 32Shell O: Electron 3 of 32Shell O: Electron 4 of 32Shell O: Electron 5 of 32Shell O: Electron 6 of 32Shell O: Electron 7 of 32Shell O: Electron 8 of 32Shell O: Electron 9 of 32Shell O: Electron 10 of 32Shell O: Electron 11 of 32Shell O: Electron 12 of 32Shell O: Electron 13 of 32Shell O: Electron 14 of 32Shell O: Electron 15 of 32Shell O: Electron 16 of 32Shell O: Electron 17 of 32Shell O: Electron 18 of 32Shell O: Electron 19 of 32Shell O: Electron 20 of 32Shell O: Electron 21 of 32Shell O: Electron 22 of 32Shell O: Electron 23 of 32Shell O: Electron 24 of 32Shell O: Electron 25 of 32Shell O: Electron 26 of 32Shell O: Electron 27 of 32Shell O: Electron 28 of 32Shell O: Electron 29 of 32Shell O: Electron 30 of 32Shell O: Electron 31 of 32Shell O: Electron 32 of 32PShell P: Electron 1 of 18Shell P: Electron 2 of 18Shell P: Electron 3 of 18Shell P: Electron 4 of 18Shell P: Electron 5 of 18Shell P: Electron 6 of 18Shell P: Electron 7 of 18Shell P: Electron 8 of 18Shell P: Electron 9 of 18Shell P: Electron 10 of 18Shell P: Electron 11 of 18Shell P: Electron 12 of 18Shell P: Electron 13 of 18Shell P: Electron 14 of 18Shell P: Electron 15 of 18Shell P: Electron 16 of 18Shell P: Electron 17 of 18Shell P: Electron 18 of 18QShell Q: Electron 1 of 3Shell Q: Electron 2 of 3Shell Q: Electron 3 of 3NhZ = 113

Educational Note: This Niels Bohr planetary model visually illustrates principal quantum energy shells ($n=1, 2, 3\dots$) and electron counts. In modern quantum mechanics (Schrödinger model), electrons do not orbit in fixed circular planetary tracks, but exist as 3D probability clouds (orbitals: $s, p, d, f$) governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Electron Shell Filling Breakdown

Shell K (n=1):2 / 2 electrons (100%)
Shell L (n=2):8 / 8 electrons (100%)
Shell M (n=3):18 / 18 electrons (100%)
Shell N (n=4):32 / 32 electrons (100%)
Shell O (n=5):32 / 50 electrons (64%)
Shell P (n=6):18 / 72 electrons (25%)
Shell Q (n=7):3 / 98 electrons (3%)
Aufbau Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹

Neutral ground state configuration. Valence electrons: 3.

Atomic & Quantum Properties

Electronegativity (Pauling)Not available
1st Ionization Energy704.9 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity-66.6 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius (empirical)136 pm
Common Oxidation States+1
Crystal StructureHCP (predicted)

Physical & Thermal Properties

Density at STP16.0 g/cm³ (predicted)
Melting Point430 °C (700 K)
Boiling Point1130 °C (1400 K)
Magnetic OrderingParamagnetic
Discovery Year2004
Discovered ByRIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science (Wako, Japan)

Real-World Uses, Occurrence & Compounds

Major Industrial & Everyday Uses
  • Pure scientific research into the synthesis and chemistry of superheavy p-block elements
Occurrence in Nature

Synthesized in cyclotrons by cold fusion of Bismuth-209 targets with Zinc-70 projectile ions.

Etymology & Name Origin

From 'Nihon', one of the traditional Japanese pronunciations for Japan (literally 'the Land of the Rising Sun')

Important Chemical Compounds
None (only isolated atoms produced)
Interesting Chemical Facts
  • Nihonium was the very first element discovered in an Asian nation, ending the historical Western monopoly on periodic table element discoveries.
  • The RIKEN team operated their linear accelerator for 553 days across nine years to detect just three atoms of Nihonium.
  • Nihonium-286 has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds, decaying via alpha emission.
Safety & Handling Note

Extremely radioactive; produced only on an atomic scale.